Encephalitis Information
(From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. There are many types of encephalitis, most of which are caused by viral infection.

Symptoms include:

• sudden fever
• headache
• vomiting
• photophobia (abnormal visual sensitivity to light)
• stiff neck and back
• confusion
• drowsiness
• clumsiness
• unsteady gait
• irritability

Symptoms that require emergency treatment include:

• loss of consciousness
• poor responsiveness
• seizures
• muscle weakness
• sudden severe dementia
• memory loss
• withdrawal from social interaction
• impaired judgement

Anyone experiencing symptoms of encephalitis should see a doctor immediately.

Treatment
Antiviral medications may be prescribed for herpes encephalitis or other severe viral infections. Antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections. Anticonvulsants are used to prevent or treat seizures. Corticosteroids are used to reduce brain swelling and inflammation. Sedatives may be needed for irritability or restlessness. Over-the-counter medications may be used for fever and headache. Individuals with bacterial meningitis are usually hospitalized and treated with antibiotics. Antiviral drugs may also be prescribed.

Prognosis
The prognosis for encephalitis varies. Some cases are mild, short and relatively benign and patients have full recovery. Other cases are severe, and permanent impairment or death is possible. The acute phase of encephalitis may last for 1 to 2 weeks, with gradual or sudden resolution of fever and neurological symptoms. Neurological symptoms may require many months before full recovery.

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